Marine Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Marine Organisation - Essay Example Management has to deal with many matters keeping external environment in mind. Its main concern is Bulk Carrier design and safety and this means that the importance attached to the safety of the ships is the main theme of the organisation. It has a technical committee called CASTEC, which meets twice a year to discuss technical matters, and deal with other connected issues. Bulk carrier design and safety had been of paramount importance and in late 1980s after some of them were lost and immediate programme had to be adapted with changes in the SOLAS Regulations and IACS rules. The main difference came with the introduction of new hull that would avoid considerable amount of damage and survive maximum amount of impact. IMO initiated a number of safety assessment studies, and the findings also had a number of recommendations and potential rules by December 2002, the SOLAS amendments were accepted by IMO, including the introduction of Double Skin Bulk carriers. Intercargo always works with close contact with IACS and the target had been designing and executing useful, safe, efficient and environmentally friendly sleek streamlined bulk carriers. It continues to monitor, research and understand the reasons of carrier losses and had been collecting all the statistics from 1990, and reports in its Bulk Carrier Casualty Report with analysis and pertinent answers to many hitherto unanswered questions. Number of cargo carriers and the lives of people employed in them, and the cargo are comparatively safer now. They have to make amenable rules so that the Port State Control’s rules and regulations are not flouted, as they are governed by the international conventions like SOLAS, STCW AND MARPOL that form the set of rules for the security, safety of the cargo ships. Pollution control in the high seas has become a matter of absolute concern for the shipping industry. We see many

Natural Resources Essay Example for Free

Natural Resources Essay Adequate water supplies of high quality are necessary both for community use and local ecosystems. Communities and jurisdictions must work together to assure an adequate water supply to meet future needs. This section presents resources to aid in that effort. * Energy Communities require energy. Nonrenewable sources for power generation, home and workplace, and transportation cause pollution and its harmful impacts. Energy conservation and the use of renewable fuels provide cost-effective and more sustainable alternatives. This section contains resources available to make energy use more efficient. Air and Climate Both the natural ecosystem and human health can be adversely impacted by declining air quality and climatic change. Communities can preserve air quality by limiting or eliminating the discharge of harmful chemicals into the air and by minimizing the sources of air pollution. This section contains resources and approaches that address air quality and climate change. * Biodiversity Biodiversity is particularly important for creating sustainability because of the specialized roles each species plays in maintaining ecological balance. Communities can promote healthy wildlife by supporting integrative approaches for managing, protecting, and enhancing wildlife populations and habitats appropriate to their area. Some examples are given here. * Land, Forests, and Ecosystems While providing a protective covering for soil, water, and the atmosphere, forests are also renewable sources of an endless variety of products. In a healthy ecosystem, policies and programs must balance economic and conservation needs. This section highlights cases where communities have developed land use practices and businesses that both conserve ecosystems and enhance local economies. Read more:Â  Essay on Natural Resources and Their Conservation

Major Tasks Of Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay

Major Tasks Of Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay Quantity Surveyor is a professional who work within the construction industry involving building costs. This profession provides a qualification gained following formal education, specific training and experience that provide a general set of skills that are then applied to a diverse variety of problems. These relate to costs and contracts on construction projects. Other areas in which Quantity Surveyor find employment include property surveys for hidden defects on behalf of potential purchasers, running estates, valuating the mineral deposits of mining companies, selling property and even Leasehold Reform Act work. Quantity Surveyor also involves all stages of the project and is usually appointed by the architect or engineer who designs the construction. They act as the financial overseer of a particular project, translating the plans into details costs. The major tasks of Quantity Surveyor include preparation of Bills and Schedules of Quantities of materials, labour and services required in the construction and equipment of building or engineering work. Traditionally, much of the work was included in Bills of Quantities as prime costs sums. Bills of Quantities, for example, consist of large quantities of estimate few items. Because much of the work involved is at or below ground level, the quantities are normally fairly correct, with a full remeasurement of the work that is actually carried out. Also as there is not the same direct relationship between quantity and costs, contractual claims and potentially is more likely event. In addition, quantity surveyor should also has frequent dealings with the different working rule agreements, day work rates and other documents such as Civil Engineering Procedure, which is published by the Institution of Civil Engineers. Another major task of Quantity Surveyor is giving advice on cost management or value management from time to time. The basis of the construction project in the context of forecasting, analyzing, planning, controlling and accounting. For example, Quantity Surveyors are the cost and value experts of the construction industry. Their responsibilities include advising clients on the cost and value implication of design decisions and the controlling of construction costs. Great importance is now attached to the control of costs on the majority of the projects. Clients and designers are disposed to making changes after the contract has been signed, and to order additional works that were not visualized. Quantity Surveyor also needs to give an opinion on alternative proposals and evaluate the costs. Once the decision is made to build the project by the client, Quantity Surveyor will recommend the client on proper to contract arrangement as well as the legal contract and conditions under which the building will be constructed. Quantity Surveyor also action on behalf of the client advises the architect and engineer on the cost implications. This includes the different construction methods, alternative choice of materials, size and quality of the project. This is also to ensure that each element is settling with the cost plan allowance and the overall project cost remains within the budget. Besides, Quantity Surveyor is a strong position to take a leading managerial role throughout the development of a project. For example, they are able to assess the implications of changes in design, site conditions and working arrangements and give the client accurate budget and time estimates. Besides that, preparing tender and contract documents are also one of the major tasks of Quantity Surveyor. Quantity Surveyor needs to prepare these tender documents at the end of the process. When the project is near to the tender stage, the different firms that may be interested in constructing the project should be ready the designs for construction projects. However, it is also recognized that the process is too long and frequently still unsuitable as compared to other countries of Western Europe and in different parts of the world. During the latter decades of the twentieth century, much effort was made to reduce overall design and construction time periods as well as attempting to reduce the time spent on site by the contractor. After that, Quantity Surveyor will recommend the contractor that suitable for the projects to the client so that client can select a suitable contractor to complete the project. As a conclude, Quantity Surveyor plays an important roles in construction industry. Quantity Surveyor needs to prepare the Bills of Quantities, tender documents, and procurement. Besides, Quantity Surveyor also has to advice the client on appropriate contract arrangement, cost management or value management. Quantity Surveyor is now retained to help clients develop their strategy for managing all of their construction projects. The skills required by Quantity Surveyors in preparing and ensuring good quality of documents for construction projects. Quantity Surveyor manages all costs that are related to building projects, from the initial calculation to the final figures. Quantity Surveyor also seeks to minimize the costs of a project and enhance value for money, while achieving the required standards and quantity. A Quantity Surveyor may work with either the client or the contractor, working in an office or on site. The title of the job may also be referred to as a construction cost consultant or commercial manager. Below is range of skills that the profession would need to continue to develop if it wished to maintain its role within the construction industry. For example, knowledge base that includes construction technology, measurement rule and conventions, construction economics, financial management, business administration, construction law and a skill base that includes management, documentation, analysis, appraisal, quantification, synthesis and communication. There are two types of skills, one of them is soft skills and the other one is hard skills. Some example of soft skills is responsible. As a Quantity Surveyor we should practice responsibility for our reputation depends on it and most important we calculate sums, prepare tender document and the contract. Besides, the other example of soft skills is able to work with people. Quantity Surveyor has to work with architect, civil and structure engineering, mechanical and electrical engineering and the most important is to work with client or developer. Quantity Surveyor should have good communications with all of them especially when preparing the tender document and procurement. Besides that, calculation is one of the examples of hard skills that a Quantity Surveyor should practice example, a Quantity Surveyor must have strong basic in calculation and understanding of the principles involved in discounting the value of future receipts and payments. Another example of hard skills is computer literacy. Computer literacy requires an understanding of the following two related areas of computer knowledge:- Knowing computer capabilities and limitations General understanding of the organization, capabilities and limitations of the various machines, example the hardware. Knowing how to use computer Familiarity with the common uses or applications of computers. Comfortable working with pre-written software. The other of the hard skills is accounting skills. It is a fundamental and important business skill and as such is important to the quantity surveyor in general. The primary purpose of keeping accounts is to provide a record of all the financial transactions of the business, and to establish whether or not the business is making a profit. The accounts will also be used:- In determining the partnersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tax liabilities. To support an application to a bank for funding. To determine the value of business in the event of a sale. In addition, Quantity surveying require a range of technical skills. Qualified surveyors must be able to read architectural drawings and understand construction processes. They find that an admiration of mechanical and electrical installations is valuable, together with an understanding of their interface with other parts of the construction. As quantity surveyors are concerned with financial matters, strong numerical skills are essential. In building surveying, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s important to have a thorough understanding of regulations and laws so made to ensure that they are followed. Besides that, the work is volatile and so Quantity Surveyor needs to be flexible and able to think on feet. Creativity might help Quantity Surveyor to solve unexpected problems. As a conclude, Quantity Surveyor needs to have good attitude, have good communications skills as you could be required to express your opinions both verbally and on paper, able to work with others and can work well in a team, have a sound knowledge of building construction, skilful in calculation, accounting and computer literacy, and technique skills that able to read architectural drawings and understand construction processes. All of this is important to a Quantity Surveyor to ensure good quantity, accurate costing, and good quantity in preparing the tender documents and procurement.

Art and Aesthetics Essay -- Art

Art and Aesthetics Art is usually referred to as the visual arts, where a piece of work is judged through the aesthetics in which it creates. However, art refers to all human endeavors, including the product of oneÂ’s creative impulse. In other words, art does not have to be innovative to be good. I believe art is the communication of an idea, be it visual, musical, communicative or other. Art is the interplay between the conscious and unconscious part of our being, between what is real and what is an illusion; it is the voice of our soul through color and form in a constant search for connection with something beyond. I think of art as the bridge between our souls and the physical world. I see art as both an interaction between our psychological existence and our cultural expression of that existence. Thus, this can include challenging and sometimes disturbing imagery as well as the aesthetically pleasing. The artist's conceptual vision and a personÂ’s ability to translate this to an audience is what transforms the ordinary experience to a historically and culturally significant event. Moreover, art has a purpose. It is a way of reaching out and sending out a message, of opening a different way of communicating something with others, in ways otherwise would not be possible to achieve. Culture definitely plays a big role on the different varieties of art we have in our world today. For example, Japanese adolescents can be seen spending hours of their spare time trying to create animated art, otherwise known as Ââ€Å"manga†. This form of art may not be acceptable to every culture, as it may be seen as being unrealistic childish nonsense. However, to these Japanese adolescents, Ââ€Å"manga† is a valuable work of art. Contemporaries like Andy Warhol may have a different definition of what art is. However, traditionalists may sneer upon WarholÂ’s creation of the CampbellÂ’s soup can as a work of art. Generally, an artistÂ’s surroundings and culture plays a big influence in the type of art he or she creates. Personally, my culture did not play a big role when I was in the midst of working on my artwork. Although I consider myself as an amateur when it comes to art, I believe that if you let your emotions and inspirations guide you, you would be able to produce a fine piece of art. This will make your piece of art original, as it would have come from deep within yours... ...of something to the person who tries to interpret it. Every piece of art is created through the knowledge of something, be it objective or subjective. For example, in an artistic way, a skilled craftsman would have a purpose and message in mind and he adapts and molds materials to fulfill this end. If he is to succeed in conveying his message, he needs to develop his expertise. There is a kind of craftsmanship and intelligence at work in the practice of his art. Whether a ship builder or weaver, he applies his practical knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhow, virtuosity, and talent in fashioning objects that he is creating, and he draws upon general principles which he applies to concrete cases. Moreover, art can help a person develop their critical senses. It could give a person an intuition for forming judgments and trying to decipher what the artwork is trying to portray. Knowledge provided by art is very distinct, as it deals with having a good sense of judgment and interpretation. In conclusion, there is no one true definition of art. Art is valued differently, depending on the individual. Different individuals have different views as to what art is; and as they say, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

Managing China’s Float

Managing China’s Float Why do you think the Chinese government originally pegged the value of the Yuan against the U. S. dollar? What were the benefits of doing this for China? What were the costs? Over the last decade, many foreign firms have invested in China and used their Chinese factories to produce goods for export. If the Yuan is allowed to float freely against the U. S. dollar on the foreign exchange markets and appreciates in value, how might this affect the fortunes of those enterprises? By some estimates, the decline of the dollar undervalued the Yuan by as much as 40%. That has allowed China to dramatically increase its exports, but at the same time Chinese import restrictions and other trade mechanisms made it more difficult for foreign exporters to sell their products to China. But a stronger Yuan with, and increased purchasing power, may result in an increase in Chinese firms' investment and expansion abroad. How might a decision to let the Yuan float freely affect future foreign direct investment flows into China? If China were to abandon its peg, that could result in a slowdown in its exports. That kind of sudden shift in policy could make foreign direct investment less likely to take place in China. Currently, China is an attractive investment destination, but a stronger, and a less stable Yuan could change that. Under what circumstances might a decision to let the Yuan freely destabilize the Chinese economy? What might be the global implications of this be? Do you think the U. S. government should push the Chinese to let the Yuan float freely? Why? At this point, the Chinese have gobbled up so much of the dollar that they control the largest part of the dollar’s reserves. It is foregone that the Yuan will be the reserve currency of this century, so why not let the currency float freely and allow market forces to dictate its value? That way exports from China can be realized at a fairer value and investment can be more fairly distributed to among countries that have equally cheap labor to China and competing resources for FDI. What do you think the Chinese government should do? Let the Yuan float, maintain the peg, or change the peg in some way? I would think that the Chinese would want to stabilize the Yuan before removing the peg. Their inflation levels have been above 5% over the past two years and given the large supply of money already on hand in their financial system, they could see a dramatic devaluation. With the lessons learned from the Asian financial crises of the mid-1990s and the current U. S. bubble that recently burst, the Chinese would be wise to allow the, markets to absorb some of their dollar reserves as a means to stabilize the value of the dollar.

Alfieri

The play A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller is a short play with nine main characters. One of these nine characters is Alfieri. He is the first character that the audience meets. Alfieri is a lawyer to whom Eddie Carbone goes to for advice in the middle of the play. Alfieri also plays a part role as a narrator. He is the character that starts and ends the play and gives the audience background detail as well as inside hints at what he thinks will happen.Alfieri's opening speech is a very long and detailed prologue with a lot of information for the audience. Some may say that it gets a bit boring as it is a lot to take in and in that sense Arthur Miller has taken a bit ofa gamble choosing to start his play off with something like that. It is an introductory speech that introduces the play to the audience and finishes it. Through this opening speech we learn a lot and it is a very thorough and informative piece of dialogue. One thing that we learn is that the events that are appro aching ill be bloody and tragic in their conclusions.Alfieri hints at the story and this is one of the tactics of keeping the audience interested. â€Å"sat there as powerless as l, and watched it run its bloody course. † This last sentence in his speech while he is alone to the audience tells us what is to come and gets us ready for what is about to unfold in this play. To start Offa play with a speech like Alfieri's, leaving the audience with this sentence creates an atmosphere right at the start of the play and it makes the audience want to find out hat he is trying to prepare them for.Alfieri also gives some background to the play and some history to the setting. He gives part of a Sicilian background which gives us a broader view and some background information of the setting. † .. in Sicily, form where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. † In most of the speech Alfieri is talking about what people thought of lawyers and how they were looked upon. A lawyer is a bad omen to them, something that is thought and seen negatively, unlucky to the neighbourhood. This tells us that the community is very superstitious. I am a lawyer. In this neighbourhood to meet a lawyer or a priest is unlucky. † the idea of law. â€Å".. the law has not been a friendly idea. † Alfieri gives his own personal history and uses this as an opportunity to introduce himself to the audience. He is also the one who introduces Eddie Carbone to the audience. This is where his narrator role comes in. Arthur Miller has given Alfieri a very important and creative character played like this as a double role. â€Å"l am a lawyer. † â€Å"l was born in Italy. I only came here when I was twenty five. â€Å"Eddie Carbone, a longshoreman working the docks from Brooklyn Bridge. † In his dialogue, Alfieri also gives a bit of the New York background with small details such as the specific setting he mentio ns. Although it seems like a long speech, in this prologue there is a large amount of information lying beneath it which emerges from it, and with all this information it is quite short in comparison. In it he also mentions history form way back in the Roman times, Caesar's years which was almost 2000 years ago. But this is Red Hook,† â€Å"since the Greeks were beaten†¦ â€Å".. that in some Caesar's year†¦ † He is saying in this speech that in those times till now law is frowned upon but things have changed since then. People have become more civilised now and that is why things have settled down.There is compromise now. Alfieri then goes on to say that one thing that hasn't changed since 2000 years ago, even though law is seen badly, that there will always be a Job for a lawyer. â€Å"now we settle for half, and I like it better. † â€Å"†¦ every few years there is still a case,† l no longer keep a pistol in my filing cabinet. â€Å"â⠂¬ ¦ Justice is very important here. † Alfieri's opening prologue is very important. In it he plays a commentator, getting the audience ready for the intensity of the plays meaning, hinting at what's going to background. He poses questions to the audience in his own way and explains and provides evidence on a number of things. He also comments on different things and gives a lot of information in this play and gives his opinion on them. He plays a very important part and provides the backbone to the play.